{"id":4791,"date":"2017-08-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-19T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/korrupsiya-n%c9%99-il%c9%99-olculur\/"},"modified":"2022-01-18T01:16:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T21:16:42","slug":"korrupsiya-n%c9%99-il%c9%99-olculur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/korrupsiya-n%c9%99-il%c9%99-olculur\/","title":{"rendered":"Korrupsiya n\u0259 il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda korrupsiyan\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox sayda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif v\u0259 bir-birini t\u0259kzib ed\u0259n fikirl\u0259rin oldu\u011fu ikinci bir m\u00f6vzu tapmaq \u00e7\u0259tindir.<\/p>\n

Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, xarici jurnalistl\u0259rin m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n hesabatlar\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan islahatlar\u0131n u\u011furla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyi v\u0259 korrupsiya il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin apar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 h\u0259m \u0259vv\u0259lki, h\u0259m d\u0259 indiki hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 o\u011furlanan milyonlar, nepotizm,\u00a0 h\u0259r hans\u0131 biznesd\u0259 pay\u0131 olan siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r haqq\u0131nda s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 az deyil.<\/p>\n

Kim s\u0259hv edir? G\u00fcrc\u00fcstandak\u0131 islahatlara valeh olan beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar yoxsa m\u00fcmk\u00fcn korrupsiya hallar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 tez-tez dan\u0131\u015fan g\u00fcrc\u00fc jurnalistl\u0259ri v\u0259 qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bu, ilk bax\u0131\u015fdan paradoksal olan v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc he\u00e7 n\u0259 yoxdur, bu m\u0259nada G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan da istisna deyil. V\u0259ziyy\u0259t iki m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nliyin\u0259 dir\u0259nir: a) korrupsiya n\u0259dir v\u0259 b) o nec\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Korrupsiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259sini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l\u00a0 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259yi \u00f6l\u00e7d\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc anlamal\u0131y\u0131q. Bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rqli fikirl\u0259rin olmas\u0131 \u00e7ox vaxt m\u00fcxt\u0259lif insanlar\u0131n korrupsiya bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif hadis\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Korrupsiya n\u0259dir?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Korrupsiyan\u0131n universal v\u0259 \u00fcmumi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f t\u0259rifi m\u00f6vcud deyil, amma \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259rif a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi s\u0259sl\u0259nir: korrupsiya qanun t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f ictimai m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsin v\u0259 ya bir qrup \u015f\u0259xsin m\u0259nafeyini g\u00fcdm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Amma korrupsiyan\u0131n t\u0259rifini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra bel\u0259 onun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si ox \u00e7\u0259tin bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 olur. Qanunla c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lan v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259xfi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k olar?\u00a0 Cinay\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rinin statistikas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k? Ola bil\u0259r, amma bu zaman da biz interpretasiya problemi il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131q: \u0259g\u0259r misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda on il \u0259rzind\u0259 korrupsiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ittihamlar Erm\u0259nistanla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7ox insana qar\u015f\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcbs\u0259, bel\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda korrupsiya Erm\u0259nistandan daha \u00e7ox yay\u0131l\u0131b? B\u0259lk\u0259 bu, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan prokurorlu\u011funun Erm\u0259nistan prokurorlu\u011fundan daha yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259li cinay\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rinin say\u0131 korrupsiyan\u0131n etibarl\u0131 meyar\u0131 ola bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n

Korrupsiya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Korrupsiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin daha bir geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si metodu v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n fikridir. Bu c\u00fcr yana\u015fma \u201ckorrupsiya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d adlan\u0131r, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lan da \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q\u201d t\u0259dqiqat\u0131 \u2013qlobal korrupsiya barometridir.<\/p>\n

2016-c\u0131 ilin barometrin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 4 faizi etiraf edib ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t xidm\u0259tind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259yi \u00fcst\u00fcn tutublar. Bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici d\u00fcnyada \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Az\u0259rbaycanda bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 15 faiz, Erm\u0259nistanda 19 faiz, Ukraynada 23 faiz, Rusiyada is\u0259 27 faiz t\u0259\u015fkil edib.<\/p>\n

Amma \u0259ks\u0259r v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259yibs\u0259, bu o dem\u0259kdirmi ki, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda korrupsiya minimal s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir v\u0259 bu, ciddi problem deyil?<\/p>\n

Yox, dem\u0259k deyil. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 nadir hallarda d\u00f6vl\u0259t servisi xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259li olurlar<\/p>\n

(bu da t\u0259bii ki, \u00e7ox g\u00f6z\u0259ldir v\u0259 h\u0259min sah\u0259d\u0259 u\u011furlu islahatlar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259r verir), amma ax\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t t\u0259kc\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t servisi sah\u0259sind\u0259 verilmir.<\/p>\n

Korrupsiyan\u0131n qavran\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn situasiyan\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u00f6vl\u0259t qulluq\u00e7usu tenderin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rini el\u0259 t\u0259rtib edir ki, bu tenderd\u0259 onun \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n se\u00e7diyi \u015firk\u0259t qalib g\u0259lir.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. V\u0259zif\u0259li \u015f\u0259xs \u00f6z\u0259l \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 me\u015f\u0259nin istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 lisenziyan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u0259k edir, bundan sonra da i\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b, h\u0259min \u015firk\u0259td\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k maa\u015fl\u0131 v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7ir.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. H\u00f6kum\u0259t tendersiz \u00f6z\u0259l \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259 \u00e7ox milyonluq m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalay\u0131r, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra is\u0259 bu \u015firk\u0259t hakim partiyan\u0131n se\u00e7ki fonduna iri ian\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 y\u0259qin raz\u0131la\u015far ki, sadalanan hallar (bu hallar f\u0259rziyy\u0259 xarakteri da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda apar\u0131lan real\u00a0 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb) korrupsiya faktlar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Amma \u0259ks\u0259r v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 v\u0259 siyasi partiyalar\u0131n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259dikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bu faktlar onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi ara\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapmayacaq.<\/p>\n

    Amma eyni zamanda \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti son zamanlar r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259y\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 yen\u0259 d\u0259 hesab edir ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 korrupsiya var. Onlar\u0131n qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n

    \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q – G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 2016-c\u0131 ilin yaz\u0131nda apar\u0131lan sor\u011fuya \u0259sas\u0259n, 40 faiz sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 hesab edir ki, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda \u201cd\u00f6vl\u0259t qulluq\u00e7ular\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n biznesin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n sui-istifad\u0259 hallar\u0131\u201d geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b (yaln\u0131z 11 faiz respondent hesab edir ki, bu hal geni\u015f yay\u0131lmay\u0131b).<\/p>\n

    Bel\u0259likl\u0259, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259halisinin \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik hiss\u0259si korrupsiya il\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n \u00fczl\u0259\u015fib (\u201ckorrupsiya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si\u201d), amma bun baxmayaraq, \u0259halinin daha b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesab edir. Bu c\u00fcr dolay\u0131 indikatoru \u201cKorrupsiya qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d adland\u0131ra bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

    H\u0259r il m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n qavran\u0131lmas\u0131 indeksini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur beyn\u0259lxalq ara\u015fd\u0131rma \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d korrupsiyan\u0131n qavran\u0131lmas\u0131 indeksidir. Son indeksd\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan 176 \u00f6lk\u0259 aras\u0131nda 44-c\u00fc yerd\u0259 q\u0259rarla\u015fd\u0131, 100 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn xaldan 57 xal toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Bu n\u0259tic\u0259 n\u0259d\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir? Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015e\u0259rqi Avropa v\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rini arxada qoydu, Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ke\u00e7mi\u015f respublikalar\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 (Baltikyan\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r istisna olunmaqla) xeyli arxada qoydu. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259kdir ki, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda 2004-c\u00fc ild\u0259n apar\u0131lan islahatlar h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 korrupsiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259 \u0259la n\u0259tic\u0259 verib.<\/p>\n

    Danimarkaya nec\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259k olar?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259halisinin b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si hesab edir ki, a) \u00f6lk\u0259 korrupsiya il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli u\u011furlara nail olub v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t xidm\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t almaq ad\u0259tini az qala k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n qopar\u0131b, eyni zamanda da b) dig\u0259r korrupsiya formalar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 var.<\/p>\n

    Korrupsiyan\u0131n dig\u0259r formalar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 analoji u\u011furlara nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r? \u0130ndiki indeksd\u0259 100 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn xal aras\u0131nda 90 xal almaqla birinci yeri tutan Danimarkan\u0131 (h\u0259m d\u0259 Yeni Zelandiyan\u0131) nec\u0259 \u00f6tm\u0259k olar?<\/p>\n

    Bu c\u00fcr kompleksli suala ist\u0259nil\u0259n lakonik cavab ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, s\u0259thi olacaq, amma korrupsiya il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 lider olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri ay\u0131rmaq olar: m\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti, icra hakimiyy\u0259ti \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc parlament n\u0259zar\u0259ti, azad media v\u0259 f\u0259al v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, m\u00f6hk\u0259m demokratiyas\u0131 olan inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si bir qayda olaraq, \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

    Korrupsiya riskl\u0259rinin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 vasit\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7ilik sistemin\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q prinsipl\u0259rinin daxil edilm\u0259sidir: v\u0259zif\u0259li \u015f\u0259xs bils\u0259 ki, h\u0259mv\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259ri onun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda informasiyan\u0131 asanl\u0131qla \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k (\u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q) v\u0259 bunun arxas\u0131nca da m\u00fctl\u0259q c\u0259za t\u0259tbiq olunacaq (hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q) \u00f6z s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n sui-istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kin\u0259c\u0259k. Demokratik olmayan sistemd\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q sisteml\u0259ri (misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, m\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 azad media) dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00f6vcud deyil, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu c\u00fcr d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n olmamas\u0131 presedentl\u0259ri yoxdur.<\/p>\n

    Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 korrupsiya riskl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k ist\u0259dikd\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q korrupsiyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n institutlar\u0131n hans\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 olmas\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. K\u0130V n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azadd\u0131r? M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qildir? Prokurorluq siyasi t\u0259zyiqd\u0259n n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259 olunur?<\/p>\n

    Bu suallar\u0131n cavablar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 korrupsiya t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sinin n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox d\u0259qiq n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

    M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi: Erekle Uru\u015fadze, \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q – G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n antikorrupsiya proqram\u0131n\u0131n meneceri<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    H\u0259qiq\u0259t hardad\u0131r? 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