{"id":4421,"date":"2017-05-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/waiting-for-seasonal-husbands\/"},"modified":"2022-01-18T01:32:20","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T21:32:20","slug":"waiting-for-seasonal-husbands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/waiting-for-seasonal-husbands\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f6vs\u00fcmi \u0259rl\u0259rin yolunu g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n"},"content":{"rendered":"

30 ya\u015fl\u0131 Ani Manukyan art\u0131q 10 ildir ki, ail\u0259 qurub. \u018frinin yan\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xsan, bu m\u00fcdd\u0259tin ancaq yar\u0131s\u0131 qal\u0131r. G\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259rinin xiff\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kdiyi oxunur. \u00d6vladlar\u0131nda t\u0259s\u0259lli tap\u0131r v\u0259 ail\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n qay\u0131tma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6t\u0259n il, noyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 \u00f6vlad\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259ldi, \u0259rims\u0259 Rimman\u0131 ancaq \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra g\u00f6rd\u00fc. O, ancaq o\u011flumuz d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259l\u0259rk\u0259n burada olub. U\u015faqlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc, ilk add\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259yib, ilk s\u00f6zl\u0259rini e\u015fitm\u0259yib. Evd\u0259n, ail\u0259d\u0259n uzaqda. Biz\u0259 qalan ancaq skaypd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259nd bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259dir\u201d, – \u00fc\u00e7 u\u015faq anas\u0131 deyir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani Sevan g\u00f6l\u00fc sahilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Qeqarkunik rayonunun Li\u00e7k k\u0259ndind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Bu k\u0259ndin \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir. Miqrantlar sosial probleml\u0259rini h\u0259ll etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 yaz\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259n Rusiyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 yola d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, evl\u0259rin\u0259 ancaq pay\u0131z\u0131n ax\u0131rlar\u0131nda qay\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00e7kin 5300 n\u0259f\u0259r sakinind\u0259n 1000 n\u0259f\u0259ri 18-65 ya\u015f aras\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259rdir ki, onlar da qazanc dal\u0131nca k\u0259ndd\u0259n gedib.\u00a0 Li\u00e7k k\u0259ndinin s\u0259dri Qnela Qriqoryan\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, onlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Rusiyaya, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 uzaq Sibir\u0259, b\u0259zil\u0259ri d\u0259 Ukraynaya \u00fc\u00e7 tutub.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBizd\u0259 i\u015f yerl\u0259ri yoxdur. Orada is\u0259 buralardan art\u0131q \u00e7oxdan k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 texnika, baza alan, indi d\u0259 dostlar\u0131n\u0131, qohumlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259v\u0259t ed\u0259n h\u0259mk\u0259ndlil\u0259rimizd\u0259n ibar\u0259t briqadalar var. Orada bizimkil\u0259r asfalt i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurlar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla bel\u0259, Rusiyadak\u0131 iqtisadi b\u00f6hran v\u0259 inflyasiya Li\u00e7kd\u0259n olan \u0259m\u0259k miqrantlar\u0131na da t\u0259sirsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259yib. \u00c7oxlar\u0131 yazda qazanc arxas\u0131nca ged\u0259rk\u0259n, bankdan kredit g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259li olub.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani Manukyan\u0131n qaynanas\u0131 Rimma Hayrapetyan deyir ki, h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 o\u011flanlar\u0131 il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fanda deyir ki, ail\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259ril\u0259 apars\u0131nlar. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSaxlamaq \u00e7\u0259tindir. Bu il q\u0259pik-quru\u015f g\u0259tirdil\u0259r. Yenid\u0259n ged\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r dey\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 lombarda qoymal\u0131 oldum. 800 min dram (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1700 dollar) kredit m\u0259nim ad\u0131ma, bir milyon da (2000 dollardan bir az \u00e7ox) Aninin ad\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fck. \u00dc\u00e7 il ancaq faizi \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 bildik \u2013 rubl o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Amma yen\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015f ancaq orada var. Bizi Putin doland\u0131r\u0131r\u201d, – Rimma k\u00f6yn\u0259yind\u0259ki Putinin portretini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k, deyir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"2\"<\/p>\n

Li\u00e7kin qad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u0259rl\u0259rinin yanlar\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259ns\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n onlar\u0131 xeyir-dua il\u0259 Rusiyaya yola sal\u0131rlar: t\u0259k \u0259kin\u00e7ilik v\u0259 maldarl\u0131qla k\u0259ndd\u0259 dolanmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot bi\u00e7ini zaman\u0131 sah\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n ki\u015fil\u0259ri barmaqla saymaq olar. K\u0259nd s\u0259dri deyir: k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 texnikas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k adam da qalmay\u0131b. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 qad\u0131nlar k\u0259r\u0259ntid\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hamil\u0259liyinin s\u0259kkizinci ay\u0131nda olan 30 ya\u015fl\u0131 Anna Saakyan bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f otu y\u0131\u011f\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u0259nd\u0259n ba\u015fqa kim bu i\u015fi g\u00f6r\u0259sidir ki? K\u0259ndd\u0259 ham\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yir. U\u015faqlar\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ram. \u018frim 8 ildir ki, qazanc dal\u0131nca Moskvaya gedir. Bu il art\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7 ayd\u0131r ki, i\u015fsizdir. Yax\u015f\u0131 pulla qay\u0131td\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259r d\u0259 olub, indi is\u0259 q\u0259pik d\u0259 yollam\u0131r\u201d, – aln\u0131ndan axan t\u0259ri sil\u0259r\u0259k Anna dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"3\"<\/p>\n

Annaya u\u015faqlar\u0131 – 7 ya\u015fl\u0131 Rimma v\u0259 4 ya\u015fl\u0131 Boris k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Yar\u0131m hektarl\u0131q sah\u0259nin bi\u00e7inin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 35 min dram (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 70 dollar) \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259li olurlar. Otu \u00f6zl\u0259ri y\u0131\u011facaqlar, tayalar\u0131 y\u0131\u011fan ma\u015f\u0131na is\u0259 h\u0259r birin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 150 dram (30 sent) verirl\u0259r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMal-qara, torpaq, kartof \u2013 bununla dolan\u0131r\u0131q. Otumuz \u00e7ox olur, bir hiss\u0259sini sat\u0131r\u0131q, amma yen\u0259 d\u0259 o\u011flum qazanc dal\u0131nca getm\u0259s\u0259, dolana bilm\u0259rik. Bac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131l boyunba\u011f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 lombarda qoyub, Rusiyaya getdi\u00bb, Annan\u0131n 55 ya\u015fl\u0131 qaynanas\u0131 Rimma Qoroyan deyir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"4\"<\/p>\n

Elektrik otbi\u00e7\u0259nin s\u0259si k\u0259ndin dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259r yerind\u0259n e\u015fidilir. Bu, Qeqarkunik rayonunun Astxadzor k\u0259ndind\u0259n olan Aqasi Asatryan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n i\u015f m\u00f6vs\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. O art\u0131q 300 minlik (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 630 dollar) ot bi\u00e7ib \u2013 nisy\u0259.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPay\u0131zda qay\u0131danda pulumu \u00f6d\u0259yirl\u0259r. B\u0259z\u0259n lap bir ild\u0259n sonra verirl\u0259r. Tamam pulsuz qay\u0131danda neyl\u0259y\u0259s\u0259n ax\u0131?! Kimin yoxudur, nisy\u0259, kimin he\u00e7 yoxudur, pulsuz bi\u00e7irik\u201d, – 37 ya\u015fl\u0131 d\u00f6rd u\u015faq atas\u0131 deyir v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edir ki, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 h\u0259r il qazanc dal\u0131nca gedirmi\u015f, amma rublun d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259yi bu d\u0259f\u0259 onu evind\u0259 qalma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edib.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"5\"<\/p>\n

Arxas\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259ti bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f ot tayas\u0131n\u0131 qoyub, dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r: “Qazanc arxas\u0131nca getm\u0259d\u0259n dolanmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Regionda g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yi say\u0131lan kartofla ail\u0259 saxlamaq m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcld\u00fcr”.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBir adam tap\u0131b soru\u015f ki, kartofun k\u00f6m\u0259yil\u0259 n\u0259y\u0259s\u0259 nail ola bilib, ya yox? Kims\u0259 kartof yeti\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259 ev tik\u0259 bilib? M\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. K\u0259ndd\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259 ev g\u00f6rs\u0259n bil ki, Rusiyadan g\u0259l\u0259n pul hesab\u0131na tikilib\u201d, – dey\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00e7k k\u0259ndind\u0259 \u201cPutinka\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259razi son 20 il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k miqrantlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259tirdikl\u0259ri v\u0259sait hesab\u0131na tikilib.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"6\"<\/p>\n

\u201cRusiyaya getm\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r, ya\u015famayacaqlar, s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. S\u0259naye yoxdur, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r sovxozda i\u015fl\u0259yirdik, mineral su zavodumuz vard\u0131, Martuni, Qavara zavodlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259yirdik. Amma qazanc dal\u0131nca getm\u0259k bizd\u0259 sovet d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259n qalma ad\u0259tdir, onda da 50 faiz gedirdi\u201d, – Li\u00e7k k\u0259nd s\u0259dri deyir.<\/p>\n

\"7\"<\/p>\n

O qeyd edir ki, insanlar h\u0259tta 100 min dram (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 200 dollar) maa\u015fla da ail\u0259l\u0259rini doland\u0131ra bilmirl\u0259r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAil\u0259l\u0259rimiz b\u00f6y\u00fck, 5-7 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur, 12 n\u0259f\u0259rlik ail\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 var. Ail\u0259y\u0259 1000 rubl g\u00f6nd\u0259rirl\u0259r, bu da he\u00e7 bir kis\u0259 una da yetmir. \u0130ki il \u0259vv\u0259l 1000 rublu 12 min drama (25 dollara) d\u0259yi\u015firdil\u0259r, buna da iki kis\u0259 un almaq olurdu, indi is\u0259 h\u0259min\u00a0 iki kis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 2000 rubl laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu il vergi d\u0259 y\u0131\u011fmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacaq: pay\u0131z\u0131, ki\u015fil\u0259rin qay\u0131tma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259yirik\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Art\u0131q Rusiyada oturu\u015fan Li\u00e7k sakinl\u0259ri 350 min dollar x\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, k\u0259ndd\u0259 kils\u0259 tikibl\u0259r. K\u0259nd s\u0259drinin s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, kils\u0259nin tikilm\u0259si yax\u015f\u0131 hald\u0131r, amma bu v\u0259saiti istehsalata qoysalar, daha yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131: k\u0259ndlil\u0259r i\u015f yerl\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259min olunard\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"8\"<\/p>\n

Li\u00e7kd\u0259 iki m\u0259kt\u0259b f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. H\u0259r il k\u0259ndd\u0259 90-100 u\u015faq d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani Manukyan qazanc arxas\u0131nca ged\u0259n ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259ra\u0259t qazand\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: \u201cOnlara da \u00e7\u0259tindir: ev\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259r, u\u015faqlar onlar\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131r. Burada qalsalar da \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131 doland\u0131ra bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. \u00c7\u0131x\u0131lmaz v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259yik.\u00a0 Y\u0259qin ki, bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi erm\u0259ni ail\u0259sinin yeni modelidir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demoqraf Ruben Yeqanyan qeyd edir ki, \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 (30-40 min m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi miqrant) Erm\u0259nistanda sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, f\u0259al regional inki\u015faf siyas\u0259ti apar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 olub. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu, m\u0259hz da\u011f rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n sakinl\u0259rin\u0259 xas imi\u015f:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cO vaxtlar miqrasiya t\u0259r\u0259qqi, indi is\u0259 sa\u011f qalmaq strategiyas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, insanlar\u0131n \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259min ed\u0259 bildiyi yegan\u0259 rasional yoldur. Bu g\u00fcn m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi miqrantlar\u0131n say\u0131 80-100 mindir.<\/span><\/p>\n