{"id":10676,"date":"2019-04-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-21T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/gurcustanda-yas-dun%c9%99n-v%c9%99-bu-gun\/"},"modified":"2021-11-05T16:58:09","modified_gmt":"2021-11-05T12:58:09","slug":"gurcustanda-yas-dun%c9%99n-v%c9%99-bu-gun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jam-news.net\/az\/gurcustanda-yas-dun%c9%99n-v%c9%99-bu-gun\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda yas d\u00fcn\u0259n v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259si<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc v\u0259 d\u0259fnini m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t ed\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rasiml\u0259r var. Onlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif zaman v\u0259 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 yaran\u0131b v\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131b. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

JAMnews-un m\u00fc\u0259llifi Levan Sebiskveradze m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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M\u0259\u015fhur italyan missioneri Arkanjelo Lamberti XVII \u0259srd\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc (daha do\u011frusu, meqrel) ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259sini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi t\u0259svir edib:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cD\u0259fnd\u0259n sonra ham\u0131 m\u0259rhumun evin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r, orada onlar\u0131 \u015fam yem\u0259yi g\u00f6zl\u0259yir. S\u00fcfr\u0259 arxas\u0131nda \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 yer m\u0259rhuma dua oxuyan ke\u015fi\u015f\u0259 verilir. Yem\u0259k bol, amma \u0259tsiz olur, bir hiss\u0259sini qonaqlar \u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 g\u0259tirir. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7ax\u0131r bol olur. Amma ehsanda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n ke\u015fi\u015f \u0259lin\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131r bad\u0259sini almayana, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259sl\u0259 m\u0259rhumun xatir\u0259sin\u0259 dua oxumayana v\u0259 bad\u0259d\u0259n bir az \u00e7ax\u0131r\u0131 yer\u0259 t\u00f6km\u0259y\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r he\u00e7 kim \u00e7ax\u0131ra \u0259l uzatm\u0131r. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Bu, s\u00fcfr\u0259 arxas\u0131nda be\u015f-alt\u0131 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259krar olunur, bu zaman m\u0259rhumu he\u00e7 kim yada salm\u0131r v\u0259 s\u00fcfr\u0259 arxas\u0131nda oturanlar vaxtlar\u0131n\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259n ke\u00e7irir. \u015eam yem\u0259yinin bitm\u0259si d\u0259fn m\u0259rasiminin bitm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

T\u0259svir olunanlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z qal\u0131r. Amma bu g\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xmayan ad\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 var. <\/span><\/p>\n

A\u011f\u0131 dey\u0259n qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 \u201ctavi kasi\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u0259xmin\u0259n 20 il \u0259vv\u0259l Q\u0259rbi G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Same00qrelo regionunda a\u011f\u0131 dey\u0259n qad\u0131nlar d\u0259v\u0259t etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti var\u0131yd\u0131. Ad\u0259t\u0259n bu, ustal\u0131qla \u00e7ox d\u0259rdli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259n orta ya\u015fl\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259tta qoca qad\u0131nlar idi. Onlar haqq\u0131nda \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r indi d\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u201cpopulyar\u201d olanlar q\u0259sd\u0259n d\u0131rnaqlar\u0131n\u0131 uzad\u0131r v\u0259 d\u0259rdl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcz-g\u00f6zl\u0259rini c\u0131rmaqlay\u0131b, dayanmadan h\u00f6nk\u00fcrt\u00fc il\u0259 a\u011flay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu a\u011f dey\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00e7ox baha olub. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00f6l\u00fcm: qiym\u0259tl\u0259r, m\u0259rasiml\u0259r, qaydalar <\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022Ye, dua et, i\u00e7 \u2013 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda pasxa \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri <\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131r\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti n\u0259 vaxt v\u0259 niy\u0259 yoxa \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131 <\/span><\/strong><\/a>
\n<\/a><\/strong>
\n<\/a><\/strong><\/span>A\u011f\u0131 dey\u0259n qad\u0131nlardan f\u0259rqli olaraq, qeyri-r\u0259smi \u201ctavi kasi\u201d v\u0259zif\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 durur, bu, c\u0259naz\u0259 duas\u0131, d\u0259fn v\u0259 ehsan\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn yas d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n menecer tipidir. Ad\u0259t\u0259n \u201ctavi kasi\u201d m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n texniki v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilati m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri asanca yoluna qoya bil\u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli qohum v\u0259 ya qon\u015fu olur. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ad\u0259t\u0259n ehsan ya m\u0259rhumun evind\u0259, ya da k\u0259ndl\u0259rin v\u0259 ya ki\u00e7ik \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zi yerl\u0259rind\u0259 verilib. Son on ill\u0259rd\u0259 ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259rasim evl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ya restoranlarda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sainqilo regionunda ehsan <\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

Amma \u201ctavi kasi\u201d rolu v\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn m\u0259hz bu adam (b\u0259z\u0259n h\u0259tta m\u0259rhumun ail\u0259si il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmadan) q\u0259brin harada olaca\u011f\u0131, hans\u0131 tabutun sifari\u015f olunaca\u011f\u0131, itki \u00fcz ver\u0259n ail\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pul y\u0131\u011fmaqla kimin m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olaca\u011f\u0131, ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259sinin harada a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 s. il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edir. <\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda ad\u0259t\u0259n bir il yas tutulur. H\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cq\u0131rx m\u0259rasimi\u201d olur, y\u0259ni d\u0259fnd\u0259n 40 g\u00fcn sonra ail\u0259 daha bir ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259si a\u00e7\u0131r, bu ehsan d\u0259fnd\u0259n d\u0259rhal sonra a\u00e7\u0131landan daha z\u0259if olur, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 \u201ctavi kasi\u201d t\u0259nziml\u0259yir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEhsan \u00e7ax\u0131r\u0131\u201d sindromu<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rin \u00e7ax\u0131r istehsal\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dimliyi v\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131r i\u00e7m\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 q\u00fcrr\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 v\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cm \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn su v\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rin istifad\u0259si il\u0259 haz\u0131rlanan keyfiyy\u0259tsiz \u00e7ax\u0131r da az deyil. O, sovet \u201cplanl\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yaran\u0131b. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu, pis v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli \u201c\u0259n\u0259n\u0259\u201d qonaqlar\u0131n \u00e7ox oldu\u011fu toy v\u0259 ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. Saxta \u00e7ax\u0131r h\u0259tta ba\u015fqa ad da al\u0131b \u2013 \u201cehsan \u00e7ax\u0131r\u0131\u201d, bu da saxta, ucuz, ancaq \u015f\u0259rti olaraq \u00e7ax\u0131r adland\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259n i\u00e7ki m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ox vaxt b\u00f6y\u00fck qonaql\u0131qlar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0259hz \u00e7ax\u0131rda q\u0259na\u0259t etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 veribl\u0259r, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn qonaql\u0131q m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 itirirdi. \u00c7ax\u0131rdan ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan adamlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn adamlar\u0131 kefl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259si \u00e7\u0259tin bir i\u015f\u0259 \u00e7evrilirdi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259sinin tamadas\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda q\u0259bul olunan \u00e7ax\u0131r i\u00e7m\u0259k qaydalar\u0131na riay\u0259t edir v\u0259 m\u0259hdud sayda tost s\u00f6yl\u0259yir. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r tostlar t\u0259k sayda olmal\u0131 idi \u2013 \u00fc\u00e7 (b\u0259z\u0259n yeddi). Ad\u0259t\u0259n tostlar m\u0259rhumla ba\u011fl\u0131 xatir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr olunub v\u0259 eyni zamanda h\u0259yat\u0131n davam\u0131 il\u0259 simvolik \u0259laq\u0259ni n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutub. <\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda ehsan \u2013 teatrall\u0131q v\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t <\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc yas m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7irilib v\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u201cteatralla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b\u201d. G\u0259linl\u0259r d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n (v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259yatda ik\u0259n sevm\u0259dikl\u0259ri) qaynanan\u0131 daha ucadan v\u0259 daha q\u0259\u015f\u0259ng a\u011flamaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, imkanl\u0131 qohumlar itki \u00fcz ver\u0259n ail\u0259y\u0259 verdiyi pulun m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi il\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulay\u0131r \u2013 pul n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox olsa, qohumluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 guya o q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00f6hk\u0259mdir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201c\u0130mereti eskizl\u0259ri\u201d filmind\u0259n kadrlar <\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

\u0130tki \u00fcz ver\u0259n ail\u0259 il\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259si olan adam h\u0259tta m\u0259rhumu \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n tan\u0131masa da ba\u015fsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r \u0259sas n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259si atlar olanda bu, \u00e7\u0259tin idi \u2013 hans\u0131sa y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q k\u0259ndin\u0259 v\u0259 ya bir regiondan ba\u015fqa regiona gedib \u00e7atmaq he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 al\u0131nmayanda, h\u0259tta iki qon\u015fu k\u0259nd aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n pozulanda bunu etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin idi. Bu g\u00fcn bu, xeyli daha \u00e7\u0259tindir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 da\u011flarda (misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Svaneti regionunda) yas m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259 uzan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, qohumlar d\u0259fn\u0259 g\u0259lib \u00e7ata bilsin. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u0259zi k\u0259ndl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 gedib \u00e7atmaq asan deyil. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Svanetid\u0259 yas. Foto: Vitorio Sela <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n b\u0259zi gu\u015f\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 uzaqdan g\u0259l\u0259n qonaqlar\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti var, onlar\u0131 x\u00fcsusi olaraq onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lan s\u00fcfr\u0259 arxas\u0131nda q\u0259bul edir v\u0259 bununla x\u00fcsusi olaraq \u201ctavi kasi\u201d adamlar m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0259bii ki, g\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu qonaqlar\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 yem\u0259y\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131ra qonaq edirdil\u0259r, q\u0259bul ed\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6zl\u0259ri d\u0259 qonaqp\u0259rv\u0259rlik qaydalar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259, \u201cuzaqdan g\u0259l\u0259n\u201d qonaqlarla birlikd\u0259 s\u00fcfr\u0259 arxas\u0131na \u0259yl\u0259\u015firdil\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u0130mereti, Sameqrelo, A\u00e7ara, Quriya regionlar\u0131nda d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 bel\u0259 hallar olub ki, art\u0131q d\u0259fn vaxt\u0131 ay\u0131q adam qalm\u0131rd\u0131. <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 bel\u0259 olurdu ki, q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011fa gedib \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00e7\u0259tin olan y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q k\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 kefli adamlar yolunu az\u0131r, h\u0259tta c\u0259naz\u0259ni el\u0259 bir d\u0259rin quyuya sal\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, oradan he\u00e7 diri adam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi, n\u0259inki c\u0259naz\u0259ni. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda d\u0259fn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri sanki \u201cstandartla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b\u201d v\u0259 Kartli v\u0259 Kaxeti regionlar\u0131ndak\u0131 kimi yas qurulur \u2013 ehsan s\u00fcfr\u0259si ancaq \u00f6l\u00fc d\u0259fn olunandan v\u0259 yas m\u0259rasiminin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259rk ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Orada ancaq q\u0259birqazanlar qal\u0131r, onlar\u0131 da m\u0259rhumun qohumlar\u0131 yem\u0259k v\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131ra qonaq edir. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u0259r bir q\u0259birqazan x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 adam d\u0259fn etm\u0259li v\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n yem\u0259k v\u0259 \u00e7ax\u0131ra qonaq olmal\u0131 olur. Bu da uzun ill\u0259r boyu davam edir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda ay\u0131q ba\u015fl\u0131 q\u0259birqazan tapmaq dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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